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  • Hydrogen | Properties, Uses, Facts | Britannica
    In 1929 Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer, a German physical chemist, and Paul Harteck, an Austrian chemist, on the basis of earlier theoretical work, showed that ordinary hydrogen is a mixture of two kinds of molecules, ortho-hydrogen and para-hydrogen Because of the simple structure of hydrogen, its properties can be theoretically calculated
  • Henry Cavendish | Biography, Facts, Experiments | Britannica
    His first publication (1766) was a combination of three short chemistry papers on “factitious airs,” or gases produced in the laboratory He produced “inflammable air” ( hydrogen ) by dissolving metals in acids and “fixed air” ( carbon dioxide ) by dissolving alkalis in acids, and he collected these and other gases in bottles
  • Nuclear weapon - Fusion, Radiation, Superweapons | Britannica
    On January 31, 1950, Truman announced that he had directed the AEC to continue its work on all forms of nuclear weapons, including hydrogen bombs In the months that followed Truman’s decision, the prospect of building a thermonuclear weapon seemed less and less likely
  • hydrogen summary | Britannica
    The boron hydrides were first systematically synthesized and characterized during the period 1912 to roughly 1937 by the German chemist Alfred Stock He called them boranes in analogy to the ammonia Summary
  • Sodium | Facts, Uses, Properties | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica
    In 1807 Sir Humphry Davy became the first to prepare sodium in its elemental form, applying electrolysis to fused sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Sodium is an important constituent of a number of silicate materials, such as feldspars and micas
  • Helium | Definition, Properties, Uses, Facts | Britannica
    Helium was discovered in the gaseous atmosphere surrounding the Sun by the French astronomer Pierre Janssen, who detected a bright yellow line in the spectrum of the solar chromosphere during an eclipse in 1868; this line was initially assumed to represent the element sodium
  • Jacques Charles | Hydrogen Balloon, Aeronautics Chemistry | Britannica
    Jacques Charles (born November 12, 1746, Beaugency, France—died April 7, 1823, Paris) was a French mathematician, physicist, and inventor who, with Nicolas Robert, was the first to ascend in a hydrogen balloon (1783) About 1787 he developed Charles’s law concerning the thermal expansion of gases
  • Edward Teller | Nuclear Physicist, Father of the H-Bomb | Britannica
    Edward Teller was a Hungarian-born American nuclear physicist who participated in the production of the first atomic bomb (1945) and who led the development of the world’s first thermonuclear weapon, the hydrogen bomb
  • Atom - Bohrs Shell Model | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica
    Bohr modified his formula for the hydrogen atom to fit the helium atom by doubling the charge on the nucleus Moseley applied Bohr’s formula with an arbitrary atomic charge Z to explain the K - and L -series X-ray spectra of heavier atoms
  • Balmer series | physics | Britannica
    Johann Balmer, a Swiss mathematician, discovered (1885) that the wavelengths of the visible hydrogen lines can be expressed by a simple formula: the reciprocal wavelength (1 λ) is equal to a constant (R) times the difference between two terms, 1 4…





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