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  • Pathology Outlines - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-general
    Minimal change disease (MCD): No remarkable modifications to the glomerular tuft, no detectable glomerular sclerosis Biopsies containing up to 10 glomeruli have a 35% chance of missing a segmental sclerosis involving 10% of the nephrons; this probability decreases to 12% in biopsies with 20 glomeruli (Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;12:502)
  • Pathology Outlines - HIV associated renal disease
    Marked reduction with antiretroviral therapies (peak incidence of 4 - 10% of end stage renal disease in U S , now 0 97% with 800 - 900 cases) (Drugs 2008;68:963, J Nephrol 2001;14:377) Strongest association with African American ethnicity compared to other causes of renal failure except sickle cell anemia ( J Nephrol 2001;14:377 )
  • Pathology Outlines - Recurrent and de novo diseases
    Light microscopy: may resemble minimal change disease initially, with development of segmental sclerosis later on Recurrence is usually in the same morphological variant as that of the disease in the native kidney (J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;19:2219)
  • Pathology Outlines - COVID-19 associated kidney injury
    49 year old woman, kidney transplant patient, who developed minimal change disease during COVID-19 disease (Transplant Proc 2020;52:2693) 54 year old man, kidney transplant patient, with chronic active antibody mediated rejection following COVID-19 disease (Transplant Proc 2021;53:1202)
  • Pathology Outlines - Obesity related glomerulopathy
    Congenital cyanotic heart disease (Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002;17:144): Glomerulomegaly may be present Requires clinical correlation Congenital renal hypoplasia oligomeganephronia (Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011;26:2202): Glomerulomegaly may be present Tubular hypertrophy may also be present Kidneys may be small Absence of obesity
  • Pathology Outlines - Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
    Subepithelial hump shaped deposits are characteristically seen in acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis Answer A is incorrect as diffuse effacement of foot processes is seen in minimal change disease and variable effacement is seen in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
  • Pathology Outlines - Renal disease-general
    C3 glomerulopathy: C3 glomerulonephritis, dense deposit disease Nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria > 3 5 g 24 h or 40 mg m 2 per hour, edema, hypoalbuminemia 30 g L, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, hypercoagulability and thrombophilia) (StatPearls: Glomerulonephritis [Accessed 7 August 2023]) Minimal change disease
  • Pathology Outlines - Light chain proximal tubulopathy
    ICD coding ICD-10: C90 0 - multiple myeloma D47 2 - monoclonal gammopathy Minimal change disease
  • Pathology Outlines - Diabetic kidney disease
    Answer B is incorrect because in membranous glomerulonephritis, there will be mainly thickening of glomerular basement membranes Answer C is incorrect because in minimal change disease, mesangial nodules do not occur Answer D is incorrect because the main histologic change in postinfectious glomerulonephritis is endocapillary hypercellularity





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