CLU
(CLUster ) An {object -oriented } programming language
developed at {MIT } by {Liskov } et al in 1974 -1975 .
CLU is an {object -oriented } language of the {Pascal } family
designed to support {data abstraction }, similar to {Alphard }.
It introduced the {iterator }: a {coroutine } yielding the
elements of a data object , to be used as the sequence of
values in a {for loop }.
A CLU program consists of separately compilable {procedures },
{clusters } and iterators , no nesting . A cluster is a module
naming an {abstract type } and its operations , its internal
representation and implementation . Clusters and iterators may
be generic . Supplying actual constant values for the
{parameters } instantiates the {module }.
There are no {implicit type conversions }. In a cluster , the
explicit type conversions 'up ' and 'down ' change between the
abstract type and the representation . There is a universal
type 'any ', and a procedure force [] to check that an object is
a certain type . Objects may be mutable or {immutable }.
{Exceptions } are raised using 'signal ' and handled with
'except '. {Assignment } is by sharing , similar to the sharing
of data objects in {Lisp }. Arguments are passed by
{call -by -sharing }, similar to {call -by -value }, except that the
arguments are objects and can be changed only if they are
mutable . CLU has {own variables } and multiple assignment .
See also {Kamin 's interpreters }, {clu2c }.
["CLU Reference Manual ", Barbara Liskov et al , LNCS 114 ,
Springer 1981 ].
E -mail : Paul R . Johnson .
{Versions for Sun and VAX /VMS
(ftp ://pion .lcs .mit .edu /pub /clu /)}. {Portable version
(ftp ://mintaka .lcs .mit .edu /pub /dcurtis /)}.
(1994 -12 -16 )
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