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chaos    音标拼音: [k'eɑs]
n. 大混乱,混沌

大混乱,混沌

chaos
n 1: a state of extreme confusion and disorder [synonym: {chaos},
{pandemonium}, {bedlam}, {topsy-turvydom}, {topsy-
turvyness}]
2: the formless and disordered state of matter before the
creation of the cosmos
3: (Greek mythology) the most ancient of gods; the
personification of the infinity of space preceding creation
of the universe
4: (physics) a dynamical system that is extremely sensitive to
its initial conditions

Chaos \Cha"os\ (k[=a]"[o^]s), n. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 &
2), Gr. cha`os, fr. cha`inein (root cha) to yawn, to gape, to
open widely. Cf. {Chasm}.]
1. An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [Archaic]
[1913 Webster]

Between us and there is fixed a great chaos. --Luke
xvi. 26
(Rhemish
Trans.).
[1913 Webster]

2. The confused, unorganized condition or mass of matter
before the creation of distinct and orderly forms.
[1913 Webster]

3. Any confused or disordered collection or state of things;
a confused mixture; confusion; disorder.
[1913 Webster]

161 Moby Thesaurus words for "chaos":
agitation, aloofness, amorphia, amorphism, amorphousness,
anarchism, anarcho-syndicalism, anarchy, antinomianism,
astronomical unit, bedlam, befuddlement, bewilderment, blurriness,
bluster, bother, botheration, brawl, broil, brouhaha, cacophony,
celestial spaces, cloud, commotion, confusion, cosmic space,
criminal syndicalism, daze, diffusion, discombobulation,
discomfiture, discomposure, disconcertion, discontinuity,
discreteness, disjunction, dislocation, disorder, disorderliness,
disorganization, disorientation, dispersal, dispersion, disruption,
dissolution, disturbance, ebullition, embarrassment, embroilment,
empty space, entropy, ether space, fabulous formless darkness,
fanaticism, ferment, flap, flummox, flurry, fluster, flutter, fog,
fomentation, foofaraw, formlessness, foul-up, frenzy, fuddle,
fuddlement, fume, furor, furore, fury, fuss, fuzziness, hassle,
haze, haziness, hubbub, incoherence, inconsistency, indecisiveness,
indefiniteness, indeterminateness, interstellar space, jumble,
lawlessness, license, light-year, lynch law, maze, mess, messiness,
metagalactic space, misrule, mist, mistiness, mix-up, mob law,
mob rule, mobocracy, morass, muddle, muddlement, nihilism,
nonadhesion, noncohesion, obscurity, ocean of emptiness,
ochlocracy, orderlessness, outer space, pandemonium, parsec,
passion, perplexity, perturbation, pother, pressureless space,
primal chaos, pucker, racket, rage, rebellion, revolution, row,
ruckus, ruffle, rumpus, scattering, screw-up, separateness,
shapelessness, shuffle, snafu, space, stew, storminess, sweat,
swivet, syndicalism, tempestuousness, the void, the void above,
tizzy, tohubohu, tumult, tumultuousness, turbulence, turmoil,
unadherence, unadhesiveness, unclearness, unruliness, unsettlement,
untenacity, uproar, upset, vagueness, wildness, zeal,
zealousness

A property of some {non-linear dynamic systems}
which exhibit sensitive dependence on initial conditions.
This means that there are initial states which evolve within
some finite time to states whose separation in one or more
dimensions of {state space} depends, in an average sense,
exponentially on their initial separation.

Such systems may still be completely {deterministic} in that
any future state of the system depends only on the initial
conditions and the equations describing the change of the
system with time. It may, however, require arbitrarily high
precision to actually calculate a future state to within some
finite precision.

["On defining chaos", R. Glynn Holt
and D. Lynn Holt
.
{(ftp://mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/ippe/preprints/Phil_of_Science/Holt_and_Holt.On_Defining_Chaos)}]

Fixed precision {floating-point} arithmetic, as used by most
computers, may actually introduce chaotic dependence on
initial conditions due to the accumulation of rounding errors
(which constitutes a non-linear system).

(1995-02-07)

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