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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Petroleum \Pe*tro"le*um\ (p[-e]*tr[=o]"l[-e]*[u^]m), n. [NL.,
fr. L. petra a rock oleum oil: cf. F. p['e]trole. Cf.
{Petrify}, and {Oil}.]
Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or
greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists
in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped,
or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of
a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the
methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition,
and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the
products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc.
[1913 Webster]

{Petroleum spirit}, a volatile liquid obtained in the
distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of
170[deg] Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely
applied to a considerable range of products, including
benzine and ligroin. The terms petroleum ether, and
naphtha, are sometimes applied to the still more volatile
products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.
[1913 Webster] Petroleur