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sizar    
n. 减费生

减费生

Sizar \Si"zar\, n.
One of a body of students in the universities of Cambridge
(Eng.) and Dublin, who, having passed a certain examination,
are exempted from paying college fees and charges. A sizar
corresponded to a servitor at Oxford.
[1913 Webster]

The sizar paid nothing for food and tuition, and very
little for lodging. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]

Note: They formerly waited on the table at meals; but this is
done away with. They were probably so called from being
thus employed in distributing the size, or provisions.
See 4th {Size}, 2.
[1913 Webster]


Batteler \Bat"tel*er\, Battler \Bat"tler\, n. [See 2d {Battel},
n.]
A student at Oxford who is supplied with provisions from the
buttery; formerly, one who paid for nothing but what he
called for, answering nearly to a {sizar} at Cambridge.
--Wright.
[1913 Webster]


Famulist \Fam"u*list\, n. [L. famulus servant.]
A collegian of inferior rank or position, corresponding to
the {sizar} at Cambridge. [Oxford Univ., Eng.]
[1913 Webster]


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  • Reference: Pragmatics | PPTX - SlideShare
    This document discusses the concepts of reference and inference in pragmatics It defines reference as using linguistic forms like referring expressions to identify things, and inference as connecting prior knowledge to understand implied meanings beyond what is directly stated
  • Referring Expressions, Pragmatics, and Style
    Existing work on the pragmatics of reference has largely focused on how reference is resolved However, speakers can do much more than just secure reference when they use a referring expression
  • Pragmatics - Wikipedia
    Reference resolution, how a computer determines when two objects are different or not, is one of the most important tasks of computational pragmatics
  • (PDF) Reference and Inference in English Pragmatics - ResearchGate
    This study aims to identifying the reference categories that are often used and to analyze the construction of reference in film Midnight in Paris The method used in this study is a
  • 1 Reference and Meaning - Cambridge University Press Assessment
    I give a brief outline of an early relevance-based approach to reference from Wilson (1992), and argue that taking optimal relevance as the criterion of pragmatic acceptability offers important insights into the reference resolution process
  • Referring expression - Wikipedia
    Various devices can be used for reference including determiners, pronouns, proper names Reference relations can be of different kinds; referents can be in a "real" or imaginary world, or in discourse itself, and they may be singular, plural, or collective
  • Pragmatics - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    If in an investigation explicit reference is made to the speaker, or, to put it in more general terms, to the user of a language, then we assign it to the field of pragmatics
  • (PDF) Pragmatism and Reference | Academia
    It discusses the complexities of reference, including its intersection with semantics, metaphysics, and the methodological approaches that lead to divergent ideas Boersema critically examines classical and contemporary pragmatist theories on reference, emphasizing their relevance
  • Pragmatics and Inference | The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics . . .
    This chapter on pragmatics and inference provides an overview of the central topics of linguistic pragmatics, while emphasizing that pragmatics has had, with some notable exceptions, only a limited and indirect influence on work in psycholinguistics
  • What is referencing? | Academic Skills Kit | Newcastle University
    Referencing is how you acknowledge the source of the information you have used (referred to) in your work It helps to make clear to the reader how you have used the work of others to develop your own ideas and arguments





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