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TEX    音标拼音: [t'ɛks]
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/tekh/ An extremely powerful {macro}-based text
formatter written by {Donald Knuth}, very popular in academia,
especially in the computer-science community (it is good
enough to have displaced {Unix} {troff}, the other favoured
formatter, even at many {Unix} installations).

The first version of TeX was written in the programming
language {SAIL}, to run on a {PDP-10} under Stanford's {WAITS}
{operating system}.

Knuth began TeX because he had become annoyed at the declining
quality of the typesetting in volumes I-III of his monumental
"Art of Computer Programming" (see {Knuth}, also {bible}). In
a manifestation of the typical hackish urge to solve the
problem at hand once and for all, he began to design his own
typesetting language. He thought he would finish it on his
sabbatical in 1978; he was wrong by only about 8 years. The
language was finally frozen around 1985, but volume IV of "The
Art of Computer Programming" has yet to appear as of mid-1997.
(However, the third edition of volumes I and II have come
out). The impact and influence of TeX's design has been such
that nobody minds this very much. Many grand hackish projects
have started as a bit of {toolsmithing} on the way to
something else; Knuth's diversion was simply on a grander
scale than most.

{Guy Steele} happened to be at Stanford during the summer of
1978, when Knuth was developing his first version of TeX.
When he returned to {MIT} that fall, he rewrote TeX's {I/O} to
run under {ITS}.

TeX has also been a noteworthy example of free, shared, but
high-quality software. Knuth offers monetary awards to people
who find and report a bug in it: for each bug the award is
doubled. (This has not made Knuth poor, however, as there
have been very few bugs and in any case a cheque proving that
the owner found a bug in TeX is rarely cashed). Though
well-written, TeX is so large (and so full of cutting edge
technique) that it is said to have unearthed at least one bug
in every {Pascal} system it has been compiled with.

TeX fans insist on the correct (guttural) pronunciation, and
the correct spelling (all caps, squished together, with the E
depressed below the baseline; the mixed-case "TeX" is
considered an acceptable {kluge} on {ASCII}-only devices).
Fans like to proliferate names from the word "TeX" - such as
TeXnician (TeX user), TeXhacker (TeX programmer), TeXmaster
(competent TeX programmer), TeXhax, and TeXnique.

Several document processing systems are based on TeX, notably
{LaTeX} Lamport TeX - incorporates document styles for books,
letters, slides, etc., {jadeTeX} uses TeX as a backend for
printing from {James' DSSSL Engine}, and {Texinfo}, the {GNU}
document processing system. Numerous extensions to TeX exist,
among them {BibTeX} for bibliographies (distributed with
LaTeX), {PDFTeX} modifies TeX to produce {PDF} and {Omega}
extends TeX to use the {Unicode} character set.

For some reason, TeX uses its own variant of the {point}, the
{TeX point}.

See also {Comprehensive TeX Archive Network}.

{(ftp://labrea.stanford.edu/tex/)}.

E-mail: (TeX User's group, Oregon, USA).

(2002-03-11)

TeX: /tekh/, n.An extremely powerful macro-based text
formatter written by Donald E. Knuth, very popular
in the computer-science community (it is good enough to have displaced Unix
troff, the other favored formatter, even at many
Unix installations). TeX fans insist on the correct (guttural)
pronunciation, and the correct spelling (all caps, squished together, with
the E depressed below the baseline; the mixed-case ‘TeX’ is
considered an acceptable kluge on ASCII-only devices). Fans like to
proliferate names from the word ‘TeX’ — such as TeXnician
(TeX user), TeXhacker (TeX programmer), TeXmaster (competent TeX
programmer), TeXhax, and TeXnique. See also
CrApTeX.Knuth began TeX because he had become annoyed at the declining
quality of the typesetting in volumes I--III of his monumental
Art of Computer Programming (see
Knuth, also bible). In a
manifestation of the typical hackish urge to solve the problem at hand once
and for all, he began to design his own typesetting language. He thought
he would finish it on his sabbatical in 1978; he was wrong by only about 8
years. The language was finally frozen around 1985, but volume IV of
The Art of Computer Programming is not expected to
appear until 2007. The impact and influence of TeX's design has been such
that nobody minds this very much. Many grand hackish projects have started
as a bit of toolsmithing on the way to something
else; Knuth's diversion was simply on a grander scale than most.TeX has also been a noteworthy example of free, shared, but
high-quality software. Knuth offers a monetary award to anyone who found
and reported bugs dating from before the 1989 code freeze; as the years
wore on and the few remaining bugs were fixed (and new ones even harder to
find), the bribe went up. Though well-written, TeX is so large (and so
full of cutting edge technique) that it is said to have unearthed at least
one bug in every Pascal system it has been compiled with.


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  • Getting started with TeX, LaTeX, and friends - TeX Users Group
    TeX is a typesetting language Instead of visually formatting your text, you enter your manuscript text intertwined with TeX commands in a plain text file You then run TeX to produce formatted output, such as a PDF file
  • TeX Users Group (TUG)
    The TeX Users Group (TUG) is a membership-based not-for-profit organization, founded in 1980, for anyone who uses the TeX typesetting system created by Donald Knuth and or is interested in typography and font design
  • History of TeX - TeX Users Group
    TeX (= tau epsilon chi, and pronounced similar to "blecch", not to the state known for `Tex-Mex' chili) is a computer language and program designed for use in typesetting; in particular, for typesetting math and other technical (from Greek "techne" = art craft, the stem of `technology') material
  • TeX Live - TeX Users Group
    TeX Live is intended to be a straightforward way to get up and running with the TeX document production system It provides a comprehensive TeX system with binaries for most flavors of Unix, including GNU Linux and macOS , and also Windows
  • TeX Resources on the Web - TeX Users Group
    Overall TeX system: TDS, the TeX Directory Structure standard, the common layout for TeX systems A freely available book on the TeX system: Making TeX Work, by Norman Walsh (O'Reilly, 1994; 15 chapters, 6 appendices) LaTeX tutorials and courses: Learning resources for a LaTeX beginner, a tex stackexchange com discussion page
  • Acquiring TeX Live - TeX Users Group
    This page is about acquiring the “original” TeX Live—the version of TeX released by the TeX user groups If you want to get TeX as it is packaged by the myriad operating system distros, see the information available from the particular distro you want
  • Documentation - TeX Live - TeX Users Group
    TeX Live documentation After you obtain the TeX Live distribution, please read the main documentation for TeX Live, which includes installation instructions for Unix and Windows For MacOSX, we recommend installing MacTeX, which contains all of TeX Live (and more)
  • Levels of TeX - TeX Users Group
    TeX source files can be typeset into several different output formats, depending on the engine Notably, the pdfTeX engine (despite its name) can output both DVI and PDF files At a high level, the output format that gets used depends on the program you invoke
  • Quick install - TeX Live - TeX Users Group
    TeX Live - Quick install for Unix If you don't want to bother reading the full install documentation and just want to install everything in TeX Live, on a Unix-like system, a minimal recipe follows For macOS (and MacOSX), we recommend installing MacTeX, which has a native Mac installer, and contains all of TeX Live (and a few Mac-specific
  • Windows - TeX Live - TeX Users Group
    With the DVD or the ISO you can install TeX Live without access to the internet 64- and 32-bit binaries As of TeX Live 2023, the Windows binaries are 64-bit 32-bit binaries are not included, since we cannot easily support both together





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