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raggedly    
ad. 破烂;粗糙;崎岖;不齐地

破烂;粗糙;崎岖;不齐地

raggedly
adv 1: in a ragged uneven manner; "I took the cigarette he
offered, drawing at it raggedly" [synonym: {raggedly},
{unevenly}]
2: in a ragged irregular manner; "a stone wall trails raggedly
through the woods" [synonym: {raggedly}, {stragglingly}]
3: with a ragged and uneven appearance; "a long beard, raggedly
cut" [synonym: {raggedly}, {jaggedly}]

Ragged \Rag"ged\ (r[a^]g"g[e^]d), a. [From {Rag}, n.]
1. Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken;
as, a ragged coat; a ragged sail.
[1913 Webster]

2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough;
jagged; as, ragged rocks.
[1913 Webster]

3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant. [R.]
"A ragged noise of mirth." --Herbert.
[1913 Webster]

4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a ragged fellow.
[1913 Webster]

5. Rough; shaggy; rugged.
[1913 Webster]

What shepherd owns those ragged sheep? --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]

{Ragged lady} (Bot.), the fennel flower ({Nigella
Damascena}).

{Ragged robin} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Lychnis}
({Lychnis Flos-cuculi}), cultivated for its handsome
flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow lobes.

{Ragged sailor} (Bot.), prince's feather ({Polygonum
orientale}).

{Ragged school}, a free school for poor children, where they
are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first
because they came in their common clothing. [Eng.]
[1913 Webster] -- {Rag"ged*ly}, adv. -- {Rag"ged*ness}, n.
[1913 Webster] Raggie


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  • [2209. 00197] Switchback Experiments under Geometric Mixing - arXiv. org
    Switchback experiments are a robust way to overcome cross-unit spillover effects; however, they are vulnerable to bias from temporal carryovers In this paper, we consider properties of switchback experiments in Markovian systems that mix at a geometric rate
  • Switchback Experiments under Geometric Mixing
    The switchback is an experimental design that measures treatment effects by repeatedly turning an intervention on and off for a whole system Switchback experiments are a robust way to overcome cross-unit spillover eff…
  • Switchback Experiments under Geometric Mixing - arXiv. org
    Switchback experiments are a robust way to overcome cross-unit spillover effects; however, they are vulnerable to bias from temporal carryovers In this paper, we consider properties of switchback experiments in Markovian systems that mix at a geometric rate
  • Graduate School of Business arXiv:2209. 00197v1 [stat. ME] 1 Sep 2022
    Switchback experiments are a robust way to overcome cross-unit spillover e ects; however, they are vulnerable to bias from temporal carryovers In this paper, we consider properties of switchback experiments in Markovian systems that mix at a geometric rate We nd that, in this setting, standard switchback designs su er considerably from
  • Switchback Experiments under Geometric Mixing
    We first consider the behavior of a standard switchback experiment, i e , one that toggles a binary treatment at selected time points and then estimates the treatment effect by taking the difference of the average outcome in periods where treatment is on and the average
  • Clustered Switchback Experiments: Near-Optimal Rates Under . . .
    Under a switchback design, Hu Wager shows that the difference-in-mean (DIM) estimator with an appropriately chosen burn-in period achieves an MSE of O ~ ⁢ (T − 2 3) ~ 𝑂 superscript 𝑇 2 3 \tilde{O}(T^{-2 3}) over~ start_ARG italic_O end_ARG ( italic_T start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT - 2 3 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ), assuming that the Markov
  • Clustered Switchback Experiments:Near-Optimal Rates Under . . .
    Clustered Switchback Experiments Wager(2022) shows that the difference-in-mean (DIM) es-timator with an appropriately chosen burn-in period achieves an MSE of O˜(T−2 3), assuming that the Markov chains are rapidly mixing They also showed that this rate is optimal within the class of DIM estimators
  • Faster Rates for Switchback Experiments - arXiv. org
    We obtain faster rates for estimating GATE by changing to a wholly different estimator, while keeping the same switchback experimental design and mixing assumptions We use a Horvitz-Thompson estimator with a treatment indicator over a chunk of time
  • Clustered Switchback Designs for Experimentation Under Spatio-temporal . . .
    Under this design, we show that for graphs that admit good clustering, a truncated Horvitz-Thompson estimator achieves a O˜(1 NT) mean squared error (MSE), matching the lower bound up to logarithmic termsfor sparse graphs Our results simultaneously generalize the results from Hu and Wager[2022],Ugander et al [2013] andLeung[2022]
  • Switchback Experiments under Geometric Mixing
    edly turning an intervention on and off for a whole system Switchback experiments are a robust way to overcome cross-unit spillover effects; however, they are vulnerable to bias from temporal carryovers In this paper, we consider properties of switchback experiments in Markovian systems that mix at a geometric rate We find that, in this





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