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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Solution \So*lu"tion\ (s[-o]*l[=u]"sh[u^]n), n. [OE. solucion,
OF. solucion, F. solution, fr. L. solutio, fr. solvere,
solutum, to loosen, dissolve. See {Solve}.]
1. The act of separating the parts of any body, or the
condition of undergoing a separation of parts; disruption;
breach.
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In all bodies there is an appetite of union and
evitation of solution of continuity. --Bacon.
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2. The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the
disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult
question; explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in
mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation
or problem, or the result of the process.
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3. The state of being dissolved or disintegrated; resolution;
disintegration.
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It is unquestionably an enterprise of more promise
to assail the nations in their hour of faintness and
solution, than at a time when magnificent and
seductive systems of worship were at their height of
energy and splendor. --I. Taylor.
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4. (Chem.Phys.) The act or process by which a body (whether
solid, liquid, or gaseous) is absorbed into a liquid, and,
remaining or becoming fluid, is diffused throughout the
solvent; also, the product resulting from such absorption.
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Note: When a solvent will not take in any more of a substance
the solution is said to be saturated. Solution is of
two kinds; viz.: (a) {Mechanical solution}, in which no
marked chemical change takes place, and in which, in
the case of solids, the dissolved body can be regained
by evaporation, as in the solution of salt or sugar in
water. (b) {Chemical solution}, in which there is
involved a decided chemical change, as when limestone
or zinc undergoes solution in hydrochloric acid.
{Mechanical solution} is regarded as a form of
molecular or atomic attraction, and is probably
occasioned by the formation of certain very weak and
unstable compounds which are easily dissociated and
pass into new and similar compounds.
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Note: This word is not used in chemistry or mineralogy for
fusion, or the melting of bodies by the heat of fire.
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5. Release; deliverance; discharge. [Obs.] --Barrow.
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6. (Med.)
(a) The termination of a disease; resolution.
(b) A crisis.
(c) A liquid medicine or preparation (usually aqueous) in
which the solid ingredients are wholly soluble. --U.
S. Disp.
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{Fehling's solution} (Chem.), a standardized solution of
cupric hydrate in sodium potassium tartrate, used as a
means of determining the reducing power of certain sugars
and sirups by the amount of red cuprous oxide thrown down.


{Heavy solution} (Min.), a liquid of high density, as a
solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide (called
the {Sonstadt solution} or {Thoulet solution}) having a
maximum specific gravity of 3.2, or of borotungstate of
cadium ({Klein solution}, specific gravity 3.6), and the
like. Such solutions are much used in determining the
specific gravities of minerals, and in separating them
when mechanically mixed as in a pulverized rock.

{Nessler's solution}. See {Nesslerize}.

{Solution of continuity}, the separation of connection, or of
connected substances or parts; -- applied, in surgery, to
a fracture, laceration, or the like. "As in the natural
body a wound, or solution of continuity, is worse than a
corrupt humor, so in the spiritual." --Bacon.

{Standardized solution} (Chem.), a solution which is used as
a reagent, and is of a known and standard strength;
specifically, a normal solution, containing in each cubic
centimeter as many milligrams of the element in question
as the number representing its atomic weight; thus, a
normal solution of silver nitrate would contain 107.7 mgr.
of silver in each cubic centimeter.
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