mandamus 音标拼音: [mænd'eməs]
n . 命令书
vt . 发训令
命令书发训令
mandamus n 1 :
an extraordinary writ commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official '
s discretion ;
used only when all other judicial remedies fail [
synonym : {
mandamus },
{
writ of mandamus }]
Mandamus \
Man *
da "
mus \,
n . [
L .,
we command ,
fr .
mandare to command .] (
Law )
A writ issued by a superior court and directed to some inferior tribunal ,
or to some corporation or person exercising authority ,
commanding the performance of some specified duty .
[
1913 Webster ]
MANDAMUS ,
practice .
The name of a writ ,
the principal word of which when the proceedings were in Latin ,
was mandamus ,
we command .
2 .
It is a command issuing in the name of the sovereign authority from a superior court having jurisdiction ,
and is directed to some person ,
corporation ,
or ,
inferior court ,
within the jurisdiction of such superior court ,
requiring them to do some particular thing therein specified ,
which appertains to their office and duty ,
and which the superior court has previously determined ,
or at least supposes to be consonant to right and justice .
20 Pick .
484 ;
21 Pick .
258 ;
Dudley ,
37 ;
4 Humph .
437 .
3 .
Mandamus is not a writ of right ,
it is not consequently granted of course ,
but only at the discretion of the court to whom the application for it is made ;
and this discretion is not exercised in favor of the applicant ,
unless some just and useful purpose may be answered by the writ .
2 T .
R .
385 ;
1 Cowen '
s R .
501 ;
11 Shepl .
151 ;
1 Pike ,
11 .
4 .
This writ was introduced to prevent disorders from a failure of justice ;
therefore it ought to be used upon all occasions where the law has established no specific remedy ,
and where in justice and good government there ought to be one .
3 Burr .
R .
1267 ;
1 T .
R .
148 ,
9 .;
2 Pick .
414 ;
4 Pick .
68 ;
10 Pick .
235 ,
244 ;
7 Mass ;
340 ;
3 Binn .
273 ;
5 Halst .
57 ;
Cooke ,
160 ;
1 Wend .
318 ;
5 Pet .
190 ;
1 Caines ,
R .
511 ;
John .
Cas .
181 ;
12 Wend .
183 ;
8 Pet .
291 ;
12 Pet .
524 ;
2 Penning .
1024 ;
Hardin ,
172 ;
7 Wheat .
534 ;
5 Watts .
152 ;
2 H . &
M .
132 ;
3 H . &
M .
1 ;
1 S . &
R .
473 ;
5 Binn .
87 ;
3 Conn .
243 ;
2 Virg .
Cas .
499 ;
5 Call .
548 .
Mandamus will not lie where the law has given another specific remedy .
1 Wend .
318 ;
10 John .
484 ;
1 Cow .
417 ;
Coleman ,
117 ;
1 Pet .
567 ;
2 Cowen ,
444 ;
2 McCord ,
170 ;
Minor ,
46 ;
2 Leigh ,
165 ;
Const .
Rep .
165 ,
175 ,
703 .
5 .
The 13th section of the act of congress of September ,
24 ,
1789 ,
gives the supreme court power to issue writs of mandamus in cases warranted by the principles and usages of law ,
to any courts appointed or persons holding office ,
under the authority of the United States .
The issuing of a mandamus to courts ,
is the exercise of an appellate jurisdiction ,
and ,
therefore constitutionally vested in the supreme court ;
but a mandamus directed to a public officer ,
belongs to original jurisdiction ,
and by the constitution ,
the exercise of original jurisdiction by the supreme court is restricted to certain specified cases ,
which do not comprehend a mandamus .
The latter clause of the above section ,
authorizing this writ to be issued by the supreme court ,
to persons holding office under the authority of the United States ,
is ,
therefore ,
not warranted by the constitution ,
and void .
1 Cranch ,
R .
175 .
6 .
The circuit courts of the United States may also issue writs of mandamus ,
but their power in this particular ,
is confined exclusively to those cases in which it may be necessary to the exercise of their jurisdiction .
7 Cranch ,
R .
504 ;
8 Wheat .
R .
598 ;
1 Paine '
s R .
453 .
Vide ,
generally ,
3 Bl .
Com .
110 ;
Com .
Dig .
h .
t ;
Bac .
Ab .
h .
t .;
Vin .
Ab .
h .
t .;
Selw .
N .
P .
h .
t .;
Chit .
Pr .
h .
t .;
Serg .
Const .
Index ,
h .
t .;
Ang .
on Corp .
Index ,
h .
t .;
3 Chit .
Bl .
Com .
265 n .
7 ;
1 Kent .
Com .
322 ;
Dane '
s Ab .
Index ,
h .
t .;
6 Watts &
Serg .
386 ,
397 ;
Bouv .
Inst .
Index ,
h .
t .;
and the article "
Courts of the United States ."
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