wrought 音标拼音: [r'ɔt]
a . 制造的,形成的;(金属)锻的;精心制作的,精练的;
vbl .
work 的过去式和过去分词
制造的,形成的;(金属)锻的;精心制作的,精练的;
work 的过去式和过去分词
wrought adj 1 :
shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (
as by work or effort ); "
a shaped handgrip ";
"
the molded steel plates "; "
the wrought silver bracelet "
[
synonym : {
shaped }, {
molded }, {
wrought }]
Work \
Work \ (
w [^
u ]
rk ),
v .
i . [
imp . &
p .
p . {
Worked } (
w [^
u ]
rkt ),
or {
Wrought } (
r [
add ]
t );
p .
pr . &
vb .
n . {
Working }.] [
AS .
wyrcean (
imp .
worthe ,
wrohte ,
p .
p .
geworht ,
gewroht );
akin to OFries .
werka ,
wirka ,
OS .
wirkian ,
D .
werken ,
G .
wirken ,
Icel .
verka ,
yrkja ,
orka ,
Goth .
wa ['
u ]
rkjan . [
root ]
145 .
See {
Work },
n .]
[
1913 Webster ]
1 .
To exert one '
s self for a purpose ;
to put forth effort for the attainment of an object ;
to labor ;
to be engaged in the performance of a task ,
a duty ,
or the like .
[
1913 Webster ]
O thou good Kent ,
how shall I live and work ,
To match thy goodness ? --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
Go therefore now ,
and work ;
for there shall no straw be given you . --
Ex .
v .
18 .
[
1913 Webster ]
Whether we work or play ,
or sleep or wake ,
Our life doth pass . --
Sir J .
Davies .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Hence ,
in a general sense ,
to operate ;
to act ;
to perform ;
as ,
a machine works well .
[
1913 Webster ]
We bend to that the working of the heart . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
Hence ,
figuratively ,
to be effective ;
to have effect or influence ;
to conduce .
[
1913 Webster ]
We know that all things work together for good to them that love God . --
Rom .
viii .
28 .
[
1913 Webster ]
This so wrought upon the child ,
that afterwards he desired to be taught . --
Locke .
[
1913 Webster ]
She marveled how she could ever have been wrought upon to marry him . --
Hawthorne .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
To carry on business ;
to be engaged or employed customarily ;
to perform the part of a laborer ;
to labor ;
to toil .
[
1913 Webster ]
They that work in fine flax . . .
shall be confounded . --
Isa .
xix .
9 .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 .
To be in a state of severe exertion ,
or as if in such a state ;
to be tossed or agitated ;
to move heavily ;
to strain ;
to labor ;
as ,
a ship works in a heavy sea .
[
1913 Webster ]
Confused with working sands and rolling waves .
--
Addison .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
To make one '
s way slowly and with difficulty ;
to move or penetrate laboriously ;
to proceed with effort ; --
with a following preposition ,
as down ,
out ,
into ,
up ,
through ,
and the like ;
as ,
scheme works out by degrees ;
to work into the earth .
[
1913 Webster ]
Till body up to spirit work ,
in bounds Proportioned to each kind . --
Milton .
[
1913 Webster ]
7 .
To ferment ,
as a liquid .
[
1913 Webster ]
The working of beer when the barm is put in .
--
Bacon .
[
1913 Webster ]
8 .
To act or operate on the stomach and bowels ,
as a cathartic .
[
1913 Webster ]
Purges . . .
work best ,
that is ,
cause the blood so to do , . . .
in warm weather or in a warm room .
--
Grew .
[
1913 Webster ]
[
1913 Webster ]
{
To work at },
to be engaged in or upon ;
to be employed in .
{
To work to windward } (
Naut .),
to sail or ply against the wind ;
to tack to windward . --
Mar .
Dict .
[
1913 Webster ]
Wrought \
Wrought \,
imp . &
p .
p .
of {
Work };
as ,
What hath God wrought ?.
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
In 1837 ,
Samuel F .
B .
Morse ,
an American artist ,
devised a working electric telegraph ,
based on a rough knowledge of electrical circuits ,
electromagnetic induction coils ,
and a scheme to encode alphabetic letters .
He and his collaborators and backers campaigned for years before persuading the federal government to fund a demonstration .
Finally ,
on May 24 ,
1844 ,
they sent the first official long -
distance telegraphic message in Morse code , "
What hath God wrought ,"
through a copper wire strung between Washington ,
D .
C .,
to Baltimore ,
Maryland .
The phrase was taken from the Bible ,
Numbers 23 :
23 .
It had been suggested to Morse by Annie Ellworth ,
the young daughter of a friend . --
Library of Congress ,
American Memories series (
http ://
memory .
loc .
gov /
ammem /
today /
may24 .
html ).
[
PJC ]
Alas that I was wrought [
created ]! --
Chaucer .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
The word wrought is sometimes assumed to be the past tense of wreak ,
as the phrases {
wreak havoc }
and {
wrought havoc }
are both commonly used .
In fact ,
{
wrought havoc }
is not as common as {
wreaked havoc }.
Whether wrought is considered as the past tense of wreak or of work ,
{
wrought havoc }
has essentially the same meaning ,
encouraging the confusion .
Etymologically ,
however ,
wrought is only the past tense of work .
[
PJC ]
Wrought and wreaked havoc Recently ,
we mentioned that something had wreaked havoc with our PC .
We were fairly quickly corrected by someone who said , "
Shouldn '
t that be wrought havoc ?"
The answer is no ,
because either wreaked or wrought is fine here .
A misconception often arises because wrought is wrongly assumed to be the past participle of wreak .
In fact wrought is the past participle of an early version of the word work !
Wreak comes from Old English wrecan "
drive out ,
punish ,
avenge ",
which derives ultimately from the Indo -
European root *
wreg - "
push ,
shove ,
drive ,
track down ".
Latin urgere "
to urge "
comes from the same source ,
giving English urge .
Interestingly ,
wreak is also related to wrack and wreck .
The phrase wreak havoc was first used by Agatha Christie in 1923 .
Wrought ,
on the other hand ,
arose in the 13th century as the past participle of wirchen ,
Old English for "
work ".
In the 15th century worked came into use as the past participle of work ,
but wrought survived in such phrases as finely -
wrought ,
hand -
wrought ,
and ,
of course ,
wrought havoc . . . .
Havoc ,
by the way ,
comes from Anglo -
French havok ,
which derived from the phrase crier havot "
to cry havoc ".
This meant "
to give the army the order to begin seizing spoil ,
or to pillage ".
It is thought that this exclamation was Germanic in origin ,
but that '
s all that anyone will say about it !
The destruction associated with pillaging came to be applied metaphorically to havoc ,
giving the word its current meaning .
--
The Institute for Etymological Research and Education (
http ://
www .
takeourword .
com /
Issue048 .
html )
[
PJC ]
Wrought \
Wrought \,
a .
1 .
Worked ;
elaborated ;
not rough or crude .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Shaped by beating with a hammer ;
as ,
wrought iron .
[
PJC ]
{
Wrought iron }.
See under {
Iron }.
[
1913 Webster ]
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