fermentation 音标拼音: [f
, ɚmənt'eʃən]
n . 发酵作用;大骚乱
发酵作用;大骚乱
fermentation n 1 :
a state of agitation or turbulent change or development ;
"
the political ferment produced new leadership "; "
social unrest " [
synonym : {
agitation }, {
ferment }, {
fermentation },
{
tempestuousness }, {
unrest }]
2 :
a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances ;
especially ,
the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol [
synonym : {
zymosis }, {
zymolysis },
{
fermentation }, {
fermenting }, {
ferment }]
Fermentation \
Fer `
men *
ta "
tion \ (
f [~
e ]
r `
m [
e ^]
n *
t [=
a ]"
sh [
u ^]
n ),
n .
[
Cf .
F .
fermentation .]
1 .
The process of undergoing an effervescent change ,
as by the action of yeast ;
in a wider sense (
Physiol .
Chem .),
the transformation of an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a {
ferment [
1 ]},
whether in the form of living organisms or enzymes .
It differs in kind according to the nature of the ferment which causes it .
Note :
In industrial microbiology fermentation usually refers to the production of chemical substances by use of microorganisms .
[
1913 Webster PJC ]
2 .
A state of agitation or excitement ,
as of the intellect or the feelings .
[
1913 Webster ]
It puts the soul to fermentation and activity .
--
Jer .
Taylor .
[
1913 Webster ]
A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith .
--
C .
Kingsley .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Acetous fermentation }
or {
Acetic fermentation },
a form of oxidation in which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a specific fungus ({
Mycoderma aceti })
or series of enzymes .
The process involves two distinct reactions ,
in which the oxygen of the air is essential .
An intermediate product ,
acetaldehyde ,
is formed in the first process .
1 .
C2H6O O [
rarr ]
H2O C2H4O Note :
Alcohol .
Water .
Acetaldehyde .
2 .
C2H4O O [
rarr ]
C2H4O2 Note :
Acetaldehyde .
Acetic acid .
{
Alcoholic fermentation },
the fermentation which saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast plant or Torula .
The sugar is converted ,
either directly or indirectly ,
into alcohol and carbonic acid ,
the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torul [
ae ]
develop .
{
Ammoniacal fermentation },
the conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate ,
through the growth of the special urea ferment .
CON2H4 2H2O = (
NH4 )
2CO3 Note :
Urea .
Water .
Ammonium carbonate .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation .
{
Butyric fermentation },
the decomposition of various forms of organic matter ,
through the agency of a peculiar worm -
shaped vibrio ,
with formation of more or less butyric acid .
It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively constitute putrefaction .
See {
Lactic fermentation }.
{
enzymatic fermentation }
or {
Fermentation by an unorganized ferment }.
Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions ,
in which the enzyme acts as a simple catalytic agent .
Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids ,
the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment ,
the conversion of starch into like products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva ,
the conversion of albuminous food into peptones and other like products by the action of pepsin -
hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the ferment of the pancreatic juice .
{
Fermentation theory of disease } (
Biol . &
Med .),
the theory that most if not all ,
infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments ,
or ferments already developed (
organized ferments ),
by which processes of fermentation are set up injurious to health .
See {
Germ theory }.
{
Glycerin fermentation },
the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime ,
and other matter favorable to the growth of the plant ,
the glycerin being changed into butyric acid ,
caproic acid ,
butyl ,
and ethyl alcohol .
With another form of bacterium ({
Bacillus subtilis })
ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are mainly formed .
{
Lactic fermentation },
the transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic acid ,
as in the souring of milk ,
through the agency of a special bacterium ({
Bacterium lactis }
of Lister ).
In this change the milk sugar ,
before assuming the form of lactic acid ,
presumably passes through the stage of glucose .
C12H22O11 .
H2O -->
4C3H6O3 Note :
Hydrated milk sugar .
Lactic acid .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose ,
the lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the following equation :
2C3H6O3 (
lactic acid ) -->
C4H8O2 (
butyric acid )
2CO2 (
carbonic acid )
2H2 (
hydrogen gas ).
{
Putrefactive fermentation }.
See {
Putrefaction }.
[
1913 Webster ]
112 Moby Thesaurus words for "
fermentation ":
acescence ,
acetification ,
acidification ,
acidulation ,
ado ,
agitation ,
alkalization ,
bluster ,
bobbery ,
boil ,
boiling ,
brouhaha ,
bubbliness ,
bubbling ,
bustle ,
carbonation ,
catalysis ,
chemicalization ,
churn ,
commotion ,
conturbation ,
discomposure ,
disorder ,
disquiet ,
disquietude ,
disturbance ,
ebullience ,
ebulliency ,
ebullition ,
eddy ,
effervescence ,
effervescency ,
electrolysis ,
embroilment ,
excitement ,
feery -
fary ,
ferment ,
fever ,
feverishness ,
fidgets ,
fizz ,
fizzle ,
flap ,
flurry ,
fluster ,
flutteration ,
foaming ,
foment ,
frothiness ,
frothing ,
fume ,
fuss ,
hubbub ,
hurly -
burly ,
hurry ,
hurry -
scurry ,
hydrogenation ,
inquietude ,
isomerism ,
jitters ,
jumpiness ,
leaven ,
leavening ,
maelstrom ,
malaise ,
metamerism ,
metamerization ,
moil ,
nerviness ,
nervosity ,
nervousness ,
nitration ,
oxidation ,
oxidization ,
pell -
mell ,
perturbation ,
phosphatization ,
polymerism ,
polymerization ,
position isomerism ,
reduction ,
restlessness ,
roil ,
rout ,
row ,
ruffle ,
saturization ,
seethe ,
seething ,
souring ,
sparkle ,
spumescence ,
stir ,
swirl ,
swirling ,
to -
do ,
trepidation ,
trepidity ,
tumult ,
tumultuation ,
turbidity ,
turbulence ,
turmoil ,
twitter ,
unease ,
unrest ,
uproar ,
upset ,
vortex ,
whirl ,
working ,
yeastiness
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