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bureaucracy    音标拼音: [bjʊr'ɑkrəsi]
n. 官僚,官吏

官僚,官吏

bureaucracy
n 1: nonelective government officials [synonym: {bureaucracy},
{bureaucratism}]
2: a government that is administered primarily by bureaus that
are staffed with nonelective officials
3: any organization in which action is obstructed by insistence
on unnecessary procedures and red tape

Bureaucracy \Bu*reau"cra*cy\, n. [Bureau Gr. ? to be strong,
to govern, ? strength: cf. F. bureaucratie.]
1. A system of carrying on the business of government by
means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of
a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the
officers of government have an associated authority and
responsibility; also, government conducted on this system.
[1913 Webster]

2. Government officials, collectively; -- used especially of
nonelected government officials.
[1913 Webster PJC]

48 Moby Thesaurus words for "bureaucracy":
administration, authorities, beadledom, beat, beaten path,
bumbledom, bureaucratism, chinoiserie, daily grind, directorate,
government, grind, groove, hierarchy, higher echelons, higher-ups,
jog trot, management, ministry, official jargon, officialdom,
officialism, prelacy, red tape, red-tapeism, red-tapery, round,
routine, ruling class, ruling classes, run, rut, squirrel cage,
the Establishment, the administration, the authorities,
the ingroup, the interests, the people upstairs, the power elite,
the power structure, the top, them, they, top brass, track,
treadmill, well-worn groove


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  • Bureaucracy - Wikipedia
    The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) established a complicated bureaucracy based on the teachings of Confucius, who emphasized the importance of ritual in family, relationships, and politics [21] With each subsequent dynasty, the bureaucracy evolved
  • Bureaucracy | Definition, Characteristics, Examples, Facts | Britannica
    Bureaucracy, specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labor, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control, strict chain of command, and legal authority It is distinguished from informal and collegial organizations
  • BUREAUCRACY Definition Meaning - Merriam-Webster
    Bureaucracy was borrowed from the French bureaucratie, which itself was formed by combining bureau (“desk”) and - cratie (a suffix denoting a kind of government)
  • BUREAUCRACY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
    BUREAUCRACY definition: 1 a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a… Learn more
  • Bureaucracy - Structure, Processes, Functions | Britannica
    Bureaucracy - Structure, Processes, Functions: All forms of governance require administration, but only within the past few centuries has the bureaucratic form become relatively common
  • What is Bureaucracy? - WorldAtlas
    Bureaucracy is a term used to define an organizational or administrative system in which non-elected individuals are tasked in the running of an institution
  • Bureaucracy - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Bureaucracy is a concept in sociology and political science Four things are central to any definition of bureaucracy: a well-defined division of work between persons and offices, consistent patterns of recruitment, and stable careers





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